公共英语考试重点语法知识

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2023年公共英语考试重点语法知识

　　在平日的学习中，大家都没少背知识点吧？知识点有时候特指教科书上或考试的知识。为了帮助大家掌握重要知识点，下面是小编精心整理的2023年公共英语考试重点语法知识，仅供参考，希望能够帮助到大家。

2023年公共英语考试重点语法知识

　　公共英语考试重点语法知识1

　　一、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义

　　1　　英语中有很多动词如 break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。

　　例 This kind of cloth washes well.

　　注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。

　　试比较：The door won't lock.(指门本身有毛病)

　　The door won't be locked. (指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁”是人的原因)

　　2　　表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。

　　例 How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢?

　　3　　系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。

　　例Your reason sounds reasonable.

　　二、非谓语动词(动名词、不定式)的主动形式表被动意义

　　1　　请在need，want，require, bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。

　　例The house needs repairing(to be repaired).这房子需要修理。

　　2　　形容词worth后面跟动名词的'主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式;而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。

　　例The picture-book is well worth reading.(=The picture-book is very worthy to be read.)

　　3　　动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。

　　例 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon. (to do与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系。)

　　试比较：I’ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。)

　　4　　在某些“形容词+不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。

　　例This problem is difficult to work out .(可看作to work out省略了for me).

　　5　　在too… to…结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。

　　例This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.

　　6　　在there be…句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定语，重点在人，用被动形式作定语，重点在物。

　　例There is no time to lose(to be lost).(用 to lose可看成for us to lose;用to be lost，谁 lost

　　time不明确。)

　　7　　在be to do结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动, 被动表被动。然而,由于古英语的影响,下列动词rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。

　　例 Who is to blame for starting the fire?

　　三、介词in, on, under等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义(表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动之义，其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词)

　　1　　“under +名词”结构，表示“某事在进行中”。常见的有：

　　under control(受控制),

　　underconstruction(在施工中),

　　例：The building is under construction( is being constructed).

　　2　　“beyond+名词”结构，“出乎……胜过……、范围、限度”。常见的有：beyond belief (令人难以置信)， beyond one’s reach(鞭长莫及)，

　　例The rumour is beyond belief(=can’t be believed).

　　3　　“above+名词”结构, 表示“(品质、行为、能力等) 超过……、高于……”。

　　例His honest character is above all praise.=His honest character cannot be praised enough.

　　4　　“for+名词”结构，表示 “适于……、为着……”。如：for sale(出售), for rent(出租)等。

　　例That house is for sale. (= That house is to be sold).

　　5　　“in+名词”结构，表示“在……过程中或范围内”常见的有：in print(在印刷中)，in sight(在视野范围内)，等。

　　例The book is not yet in print.(=is not yet printed)

　　6　　“on+名词”结构, 表示“在从事…… 中”。常见的有：on sale(出售)，on show(展出), on trial(受审)。

　　例Today some treasures are on show in the museum (= are being showed).

　　7　　“out of+名词”结构 ; 表示 “超出…… 之外“，常见的有：out of control (控制不了) ，out of sight (超出视线之外)，out of one’s reach (够不着), out of fashion (不流行) 等。

　　例 The plane was out of control (can’t be controlled)

　　8　　“within+名词”结构，“在……内、不超过……”。

　　例 He took two days off within the teacher's permission

　　公共英语考试重点语法知识2

　　动词不定式：to +动词原形+sth

　　做主语的时候：

　　It is good to study English well学习英语好是很好的'事情=To study English well is good

　　做宾语的时候：动词词组：动词+to do sth

　　I want to do housework我想要做家务

　　做补语的时候：

　　I ask you to do homework我叫你去写作业

　　I believe it good to learn English well我相信学好英语是很好的

　　I think it good to learn English well我认为学好英语是很好的

　　I find it good to learn English well我发现学好英语是很好的

　　I discover it good to learn English well我发现学好英语是很好

　　I feel it good to learn English well我感觉学好英语是很好的

　　I make it good to learn English well我使得学好英语是很好的

　　公共英语考试重点语法知识3

　　英语中过去分词可作宾补，(此时的过去分词一般是及物动词)表被动意义或完成意义，有时两者兼而有之。做宾补的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的.对象。如：

　　She found the door broken in when she came back.(宾补与宾语有被动的关系，表一种状态。)

　　一、过去分词用在表状态的动词keep,leave等的后面。

　　Eg:They kept the door locked for a long time.

　　Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.(谚语：少说多看)

　　Don't leave such an important thing undone.

　　Don't leave the windows broken like this all the time.

　　二、过分词用在get,have,make,的后面。

　　1.注意“have +宾语+过去分词”的两种情况：

　　A)表"让某人做某事/让某事(被人)做"

　　eg: I have had my bike repaired.

　　The villagers had many trees planted just then.

　　B)表"遭遇到某种不幸，受到打击/受....影响，蒙受.....损失"

　　Eg:I had my wallet stolen on a bus last month.

　　The old man had his leg broken in the accident.

　　He had his leg broken in the match yesterday.(MET1986)

　　2."make+宾语+过去分词",在这种结构中，过去分词的动词必须是表示结果含义的。如：

　　They managed to make themselves understood in very simple English.

　　I raised my voice to make myself heard.

　　三、过去分词用在感观动词watch,notice,see,hear,listen to ,feel,find等后面。如

　　When we got to school,we saw the door locked.

　　We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops.

　　He felt himself cheated.

　　The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see carried out the next year.(NMET2000)

　　四、过去分词用在want,wish,like ,expect等表示“希望，愿望”这一类动词后面做宾补。如

　　The boss wouldn't like the problem discussed at the moment.

　　I would like my house painted white.

　　I want the suit made to his own measure.

　　I wish the problem settled.

　　公共英语考试重点语法知识4

　　倒装结构

　　学生容易混淆的是全部倒装与部分倒装.如何区分之,编个顺口溜：副(adv.)介(prep.)提前全倒装,其它句式部分倒;否定提前倒助动,让步状语倒表语;复合句式倒主句,不

　　倒装的`属特殊.下面举例说明：

　　A、Here comes the bus.(副词提前,全倒装)

　　B、Here he comes.(代词作主语,不倒装)

　　C、In front of the house lies a garden.(介词短语提前,全倒装)

　　D、Never shall I do this again.(否定词提前,部分倒装)

　　E、Young as he is ,he knows a lot.(让步状语从句,表语倒装)

　　F、Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in.(only修饰状语,主句倒装)

　　G、Only he can save the patient.(only修饰主语.不倒装)

　　H、Not only will help be given to people,but also medical treatment will be provided.(否定词提前,部分倒装)

　　I、Not only he but also we like sports.(连接两个主语,不倒装)

　　虚拟语气

　　虚拟语气也是一个难点.所谓虚拟语气是表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议,而不表示客观存在的事实.它通过句子的谓语动词的特殊形式来表示.现归纳如下：纯假设,用虚拟,动词时态退一级：条件句,分主从,主句谓语前加would (should,could,might);表愿望,用虚拟,wish后面接宾语(从句)：现在过去与将来,动词时态退一级：提建议,用虚拟,宾语(从句)动词用(should)do：俩建议,三要求,再加坚持与命令(suggest,advise,demand,require,request,insist,order)：It is time和eoukd rather,后接丛句用虚拟：部分主语从句中,谓语用虚拟结构(It is necessry /important/natural/natural/strange/strange that……should do).下面举例说明：

　　A、If you came tomorrow,we would have the metting. (条件句虚拟)

　　B、Without air,there would be no living things.(同上)

　　C、We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.(表示愿望虚拟)

　　D、He demanded that we (should)start right away.(表示建议虚拟)

　　E、It is(high)time that we left (should leave)now.(特殊从句虚拟)

　　F、I would rather you gave me the book.(同上)

　　G、It is necessary that we should clean the room everyday,(主语从句虚拟)

　　H、He speaks English so fluently as if he were English. (特殊从句虚拟)

　　公共英语考试重点语法知识5

　　一、状语从句的一些引导词需要着重注意

　　1.before: …before I could say a word./It may be some time before the situation improves How long it’ll be before I can go back to work? 2.when: It was six o’clock when they arrived at the hotel. 3.since: It’s three years since I smoked. 4.as: Great as the difficulty was,../Much as I admire,…

　　5.where: They notice that plants don’t grow well where there is much shade. My doctor advised me to live where the air is fresher. 6.主将从现：

　　I can when my headache disappear thoroughly. If you go, so will I.

　　二、时态和语态是很重要的考点

　　have been painting all day/be always doing/I did lock it/will still be sleeping/will have left The papers are still being corrected/It is being served in the dining room.

　　三、注意情态动词对过去表示推测的用法

　　比如，couldn’t have done/might have done/needn’t have done/should/ought to have done特别是shall的`用法: No student shall go out of school without the teacher’s permission. Tell him that he shall have the wonderful book tomorrow afternoon. It is the rule that every driver shall obey in this city. Shall I/he book a table?请别忽视某些情态动词的特殊含义，如：

　　must : If you must know her name, her name is Mabel. would: When I was young, I would sit under the old tree listening to grandpa tell me stories. should: It’s strange that Tom, the most excellent student in our grade should fail in the exam. may: May you succeed!/May you be happy!

　　公共英语考试重点语法知识6

　　1、一般加s，例如：pen---pens

　　2、以s，sh，ch，x结尾加es，例如：bus—buses，brush—brushes，watch—watches，box—boxes

　　3、以辅音字母加y结尾，去掉y为I加es例如：baby---babies

　　4、以f，fe结尾，去掉f，fe加ves life---lives，leaf---leaves

　　5、以有生命的o结尾加es例如：hero---heroes，tomato---tomatoes，potato---potatoes，mango---mangoes

　　6、复合名词遇见man，woman两个词时，两个名词都要加复数A man teacher---two men teachers

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