大学英语四级常用语法

时间:2020-09-29 18:26:12 大学英语 我要投稿

大学英语四级常用语法精选

  大学英语四级常用语法精选(17)

大学英语四级常用语法精选

  might 表示请求:

  Might I ask for a photograph of your baby? (比May I …更客气一些)

  can't, couldn't表示否定的推测:

  She can't be serious.

  A more suitable book can't be found. (It is not possible to find a more suitable book.)

  He couldn't (can't) be over fifty.

  should, ought to: 表示应该做的事, ought to比should口气稍重一些.

  You should (ought to) do as he says.

  You shouldn't (oughtn't to) talk like that.

  但这两者间也有一些差别, 在表示责任, 义务等该做的事情时, 常用ought to, 在表示某件事宜于做时, 多用should, 在下面的句子中这两个词就不宜换用:

  You are his father. You ought to take care of him.

  We should not use too many big words in our everyday speech.

  will, would

  shall, should表示意愿

  情态动词后接进行式, 完成式和完成进行式:

  情态动词可以和动词的进行式构成谓语, 表示”应该正在……”, “想必正在……”这类意思:

  Why should we be sitting here doing nothing?

  This isn't what I ought to be doing.

  She might still be thinking about the question you raised.

  They must (may) be waiting for us, let’s hurry up.

  They can't be using the room now.

  情态动词有时和动词的完成形式构成谓语, 表示”应当已经……”, “想必已经……”这类意思:

  I should have thought of that.

  They shouldn't have left so soon.

  She must have arrived by now.

  You needn't have told them that.

  Where can (could) he have gone?

  He can't have finished the work so soon.

  He may not have achieved all his aims. But his effort is praise-worthy.

  We ought to have give you more help.

  情态动词间或也可以和一个动词的完成进行式构成谓语,表示”应当一直在……”, “想必一直在……”这类意思:

  They are sweating all over. They must have been working in the fields.

  They may have been discussing the problem this morning.

  You should have been waiting for us. Why haven't you?

  She couldn't have been swimming all day.

  2016年大学英语四级语法指导(4)

  1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.

  A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected

  watch 看电视用,看比赛用; see 看电影用;

  感官动词watch, see, hear; 感官动词 + 名词(代词)+ do

  be erected 强调的是动作的结果; being erected 强调的是动作的过程。

  2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.

  A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off

  give up 放弃; give in 屈服,让步; give off 释放,放出(烟和气体);

  give away 泄露,走漏风声;婚礼中新郎的父亲把新娘的手交给新郎的过程;赠送礼品。

  3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.

  A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing

  keep sb. + 分词; inform v. 通知,告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情

  keep me informed 使我被告知。

  4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.

  A after which B for which C with which D at which

  fight with sb. (注意要看整个句子); fight with + 工具 用该工具来打仗。 fight for 为…而战。

  I fight with him. 我和他打起来了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他并肩对付她。

  5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.

  A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward

  in spite of 尽管; carry on 坚持,继续。

  6. I should like to rent a house, modern, comfortable and _B_ in a quiet neighborhood.

  A all in all B above all C after all D over all

  all in all 总而言之;above all 首先,尤其是;after all 毕竟,终究;overall 全面的,总体的

  in a word 总之,in short 简而言之,in conclusion 最后,总之,to sum up总之,总而言之。

  7. _B_ we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work.

  A For now B Now that C Ever since D By now

  now that 既然,由于(相当于since); ever since 自从…以来。

  与that搭配且后面可以加句子的几个表达形式:

  now that 既然,由于; in that 因为; except that 除…之外。

  except后面加名词或代词;except that后面加句子。

  8. What you have done is _D_ the doctor’s orders.

  A attached to B responsible to C resistant to D contrary to

  be attached to 连接,附属; This school is attached to Beida. 这所学校附属于北大。

  responsible to 对…负有责任; resistant adj. 反抗的,抵抗的; water resistant 防水的。

  be contrary to 与。。相反(相违背)。

  9. John regretted _A_ to the meeting last week.

  A not going B not to go C not having been going D not to be going

  regret doing 后悔做过某事; regret to do sth. 遗憾的做某事(应用语境非常有限)。

  10. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are _B_.

  A out of work B out of stock C out of reach D out of practice

  out of work 失业; out of reach 够不着 within reach 够得着; out of practice 缺乏练习。

  2016年大学英语四级语法指导(3)

  动名词的复合结构:凡是一个动词的后面可以加动名词,就可以加动名词的复合结构。

  动作发出者 + 动名词;当动作发出者名字给出时:名词所有格 + 动名词;当动名词的复合结构在文章中出现,且动作发出者在前文中提过时:形容词物主代词(宾格)+ 动名词。

  形容词物主代词:his, her, my, your, their, our。代词宾格:him, her, me, you, us, them。

  第二点:want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客观需要或缺乏。

  例. Your hair wants _B_. You’d better have it done tomorrow.

  A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut

  注意:want doing 中doing表示的是被动含义。

  例. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.

  A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned

  第三点:mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事,意欲… ;mean doing 意味着,…的意思是…

  例. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待台]

  A making B to make C to have made D having made

  1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.

  A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected

  watch 看电视用,看比赛用; see 看电影用;

  感官动词watch, see, hear; 感官动词 + 名词(代词)+ do

  be erected 强调的是动作的结果; being erected 强调的是动作的过程。

  2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.

  A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off

  give up 放弃; give in 屈服,让步; give off 释放,放出(烟和气体);

  give away 泄露,走漏风声;婚礼中新郎的父亲把新娘的手交给新郎的过程;赠送礼品。

  3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.

  A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing

  keep sb. + 分词; inform v. 通知,告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情

  keep me informed 使我被告知。

  4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.

  A after which B for which C with which D at which

  fight with sb. (注意要看整个句子); fight with + 工具 用该工具来打仗。 fight for 为…而战。

  I fight with him. 我和他打起来了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他并肩对付她。

  5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.

  A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward

  in spite of 尽管; carry on 坚持,继续。

  2016年大学英语四级语法指导(2)

  短语部分没有独立主语,则短语结构称为非谓语动词。

  非谓语动词的结构:分词(分词短语)

  句子的主语决定非谓语动词中的分词是用主动还是被动形式。如果是句子的主语发出动作,则使用现在分词;如果动作不是由句子的主语发出,则使用过去分词。

  1.No matter how frequently _A_, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.

  A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed

  perform vt. 表演,演出,演奏;

  to be performed 将要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;

  一些特殊的动词:

  第一点:forget 忘记; [反义] remember 记得;

  这两个词后加动词不定式表示将要进行的行为;这两个词后加动词ing形式表示已经做过的事情。

  注意:动名词与现在分词形式一样,但含义不同。这两个词后加动词ing形式都是动名词。

  forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事;

  remember to do sth. 记得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 记得做过某事;

  2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.

  A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him

  offer vt. 提出,提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.

  him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正确。

  动名词的复合结构:凡是一个动词的后面可以加动名词,就可以加动名词的复合结构。

  动作发出者 + 动名词;当动作发出者名字给出时:名词所有格 + 动名词;当动名词的复合结构在文章中出现,且动作发出者在前文中提过时:形容词物主代词(宾格)+ 动名词。

  形容词物主代词:his, her, my, your, their, our。代词宾格:him, her, me, you, us, them。

  第二点:want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客观需要或缺乏。

  例. Your hair wants _B_. You’d better have it done tomorrow.

  A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut

  1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.

  A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected

  watch 看电视用,看比赛用; see 看电影用;

  感官动词watch, see, hear; 感官动词 + 名词(代词)+ do

  be erected 强调的是动作的结果; being erected 强调的是动作的过程。

  2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.

  A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off

  give up 放弃; give in 屈服,让步; give off 释放,放出(烟和气体);

  give away 泄露,走漏风声;婚礼中新郎的父亲把新娘的手交给新郎的过程;赠送礼品。

  3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.

  A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing

  keep sb. + 分词; inform v. 通知,告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情

  keep me informed 使我被告知。

  4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.

  A after which B for which C with which D at which

  fight with sb. (注意要看整个句子); fight with + 工具 用该工具来打仗。 fight for 为…而战。

  I fight with him. 我和他打起来了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他并肩对付她。

  5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.

  A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward

  in spite of 尽管; carry on 坚持,继续。

  注意:want doing 中doing表示的是被动含义。

  例. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.

  A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned

  第三点:mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事,意欲… ;mean doing 意味着,…的意思是…

  例. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待台]

  A making B to make C to have made D having made

  2016年大学英语四级语法指导(1)

  非谓语动词与独立主格:短语,句子(或者句子,短语)

  当短语部分有独立主语,并且该主语不同于句子主语,这时短语结构称为独立主格。(它最明显的特点是短语部分有独立的'主语)。

  独立主格的结构1:名词(代词)+ 分词 [现在分词、过去分词]

  现在分词表示主动的,正在进行的行为;过去分词表示被动的,已经完成的行为。 作题时要通过判断动作与名词(代词)之间的关系来确定是使用现在分词还是过去分词。当动作由名词(代词)发出时使用现在分词,而名词(代词)是受动者时则用过去分词。

  1. Silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper _B_ it closely.

  A followed B following C to follow D being followed

  2. All things _A_, the planned trip will have to be called off.

  A considered B be considered C considering D having considered

  call off 取消; cancel vt. 取消; 四级中的考点就是现在分词和过去分词的区别。

  独立主格的结构2:with + 名词(代词)+ 分词 [句子当中作状语]

  3. After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well as boys _C_ to go to school.

  A to be encouraged B been encouraged C being encouraged D be encouraged

  as well as 和(相当于and); be encouraged不会考。

  动词不定式有预示将来行为的含义。to be encouraged 将要被鼓励;

  been encouraged 已经被鼓励完了,与主句的谓语动词相对;being encouraged 正在被鼓励

  短语部分没有独立主语,则短语结构称为非谓语动词。

  非谓语动词的结构:分词(分词短语)

  句子的主语决定非谓语动词中的分词是用主动还是被动形式。如果是句子的主语发出动作,则使用现在分词;如果动作不是由句子的主语发出,则使用过去分词。

  1.No matter how frequently _A_, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.

  A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed

  perform vt. 表演,演出,演奏;

  to be performed 将要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;

  一些特殊的动词:

  第一点:forget 忘记; [反义] remember 记得;

  这两个词后加动词不定式表示将要进行的行为;这两个词后加动词ing形式表示已经做过的事情。

  注意:动名词与现在分词形式一样,但含义不同。这两个词后加动词ing形式都是动名词。

  forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事;

  remember to do sth. 记得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 记得做过某事;

  2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.

  A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him

  offer vt. 提出,提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.

  him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正确。